11-07-2007, 05:26 AM
SYNDROMES ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES
¢ ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME: Radiation
exposure.
o 12 hours post-exposure: Vomiting
o 24 hours post-exposure: Prostration (extreme exhaustion), fever, diarrhea
o Later: Petechial hemorrhage, hypotension, tachycardia, profuse bloody diarrhea, maybe death.
¢ CHINESE RESTAURANT SYNDROME: MSG
reaction ------> Chest Pain, burning sensation over parts of body.
¢ BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROME: Damage
(injury) to half of spinal cord ------> symptoms:
o Loss of pain and temperature sensation on contralateral side of body.
o Loss of proprioception and discriminatory touch on ipsilateral side of body.
CARDIOVASCULAR
¢ ADAMS-STOKES SYNDROME: Heart block, with
slow or absent pulse, often accompanied by convulsions.
¢ BARLOW SYNDROME: Floppy Mitral Valve
Syndrome; Massive Mitral Valve Prolapse ------>
Late apical systolic murmur, systolic click, or both.
¢ EISENMENGER'S SYNDROME: Ventricular- Septal Defect ------> Pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis.
¢ FLOPPY-VALVE SYNDROME: Mitral
Incompetence due to myxomatous degeneration of the leaflets.
¢ LERICHE'S SYNDROME: Occlusion of distal aorta ------>
o Hip, thigh, and calf fatigue.
o Impotence
¢ BEHCET'S SYNDROME: Vasculitis ------> secondary symptoms:
o Oral and genital ulcers
o Uveitis
o Optic atrophy
¢ SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME: Pain in
shoulder and swelling in hand, sometimes occurring after Myocardial Infarction.
¢ SICK SINUS SYNDROME: Chaotic atrial activity; continual changes in P-Waves. Bradycardia, alternating with recurrent ectopic beats and runs of tachycardia.
¢ SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME: Caused by a tumor. Obstruction of SVC ------>
o Edema
o Engorgement of the vessels of face, neck, and arms.
o Nonproductive cough
o Dyspnea
¢ TAKAYASU'S SYNDROME: Arteritis of the Aortic Arch, resulting in no pulse. Seen in young women.
¢ WOLF-PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME:
ECG pattern of Paroxysmal Tachycardia.
o Short PR interval
o Delta wave = early QRS complex.
IATROGENIC (or Secondary to Medical Treatment)
¢ AFFERENT LOOP SYNDROME:
Gastrojejunal loop obstruction, proximal to a gastrojejunostomy.
o Ingestion of food produces nausea, pain, and duodenal distension.
¢ ASHERMAN'S SYNDROME: Adhesions
within the endometrial cavity, causing amenorrhea and infertility.
o Adhesions probably were caused by surgery.
¢ ULYSSES SYNDROME: Ill effects from
follow-up diagnostic tests following a falsepositive screening test.
NEOPLASTIC (Malignant or Benign)
¢ CARCINOID SYNDROME: Carcinoid tumor producing Bradykinin + Serotonin ------> secondary symptoms:
o Cyanotic flushing
o Diarrhea
o Bronchial spasm
o Edema, ascites.
¢ CRONKHITE-CANADA SYNDROME: GIPolyps with diffuse alopecia (hair-loss) and nail dystrophy.
o May see protein-losing enteropathy and malabsorption.
¢ GARDNER'S SYNDROME: Multiple inherited tumors, hereditary dominant trait.
o Skull osteomas, Fibromas, Epidermoid cysts
o Colonic polyposis (APC gene) ------> predisposition to colonic adenocarcinoma.
¢ LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME:
Progressive proximal muscle weakness secondary to a carcinoma.
¢ MEIGS' SYNDROME: Fibroma of ovary with ascites and hydrothorax
¢ PANCOAST SYNDROME: Tumor near pulmonary apex ------>
o Neuritic pain of chest and arm
o Muscle atrophy of the arm
o Horner's Syndrome (impaired cervical sympathetics)
¢ PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME: Polyposis (hamartomas) of small intestine
o Also see melanin pigmentation of buccal mucosa and skin around mouth and lips
CONGENITAL
¢ CEREBELLAR SYNDROME: Congenital Cerebellar Ataxia
¢ CERVICAL SYNDROME: Supernumerary C7 rib - -----> Pressure on brachial plexus ------> pain radiating over shoulder, arm, and forearm over C7 distribution.
¢ DANDY-WALKER SYNDROME: Obstruction of Foramina of Magendie and Luschka in infants ------> Hydrocephalus.
¢ DIGEORGE SYNDROME: Congenital absence of 3rd and 4th Branchial Arches (Thymus and Parathyroid Glands) ------> secondary symptoms:
o No cell-mediated immunity ------> Frequent viral and fungal infections
o Characteristic facial deformities
¢ DOWN SYNDROME: Trisomy 21. Mental retardation, characteristic facial features, Simeon crease in hand.
¢ FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type I: Bone-marrow hypoplasia ------> refractory anemia, pancytopenia.
¢ EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME: Congenital defect in collagen.
o Hyper-elasticity and friability of the skin.
o Hyperextensibility of the joints.
¢ FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME: Fetal malformations, growth deficiencies, craniofacial anomalies, limb defects.
¢ GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME: Autoantibodies against basement membranes ------> Glomerulonephritis (kidney) and hemoptysis (lungs).
o Often, death by renal failure
¢ KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME: Trisomy XXY --- ---> testicular atrophy, increase in gonadotropins in urine.
¢ KLIPPEL-FEIL SYNDROME:
o Cervical vertebrate fused
o Congenital short neck, limited neck rotation
o Abnormalities of the brainstem and cerebellum
o Low hairline.
¢ LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME: Deficiency of HGPRT (Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase ------>
o Hyperuricemia, uric acid kidney stones
o Choreoathetosis
o Mental retardation, autism, spastic
cerebral palsy
o X-Linked recessive
¢ MARFAN SYNDROME: Connective Tissue disorder ------>
o Arachnodactyly: Abnormally long digits and extremities
o Subluxation of lens
o Dissecting aortic aneurism
¢ POSTRUBELLA SYNDROME: Infantile defects resulting from maternal Rubella infection during first trimester.
o Microphthalmos, cataracts
o Deafness
o Mental retardation
o Patent ductus arteriosis, Pulmonary arterial stenosis
¢ PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME: Short stature, mental retardation, polyphagia with marked obesity, sexual infantilism.
¢ RENDU-OSLER-WEBER SYNDROME:
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
¢ SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME: Unexplained death in sleeping infants.
¢ TURNER'S SYNDROME: XO monosomy.
o Dwarfism
o Webbed neck
o Valgus of elbow.
o Amenorrhea
¢ WILSON SYNDROME: Congenital defect in Ceruloplasmin, leading to buildup of copper ----- -> mental retardation, cirrhosis, hepatolenticular degeneration.
ENDOCRINE, REPRODUCTIVE
¢ AMENNORRHEA-GALACTORRHEA
SYNDROME: Non-physiologic lactation, resulting from endocrinologic causes or from a pituitary disorder.
¢ CONN'S SYNDROME: Primary
Hyperaldosteronism ------> muscular weakness, hypertension, hypokalemia, alkalosis.
¢ CUSHING'S SYNDROME: Hypersecretion of cortisol ------> secondary symptoms and characteristics:
o Fatness of face and trunk with wasting of extremities
o Buffalo hump
o Bone decalacification
o Corticoid diabetes
o Hypertension
¢ PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME: Abnormal sensation in breasts, abdominal pain, thirst, headache, pelvic congestion, nervous irritability.
o Ocassionally nausea and vomiting.
¢ SHEEHAN'S SYNDROME: Post-partum pituitary necrosis ------> hypopituitarism.
¢ STEIN-LEVENTHAL SYNDROME: Polycystic ovary ------> infertility, amenorrhea, hirsutism. Seen in obese women.
¢ TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION SYNDROME:
Insensitivity to Testosterone. Male Psuedohermaphroditism
o Complete female external genatalia, incompletely developed vagina, rudimentary uterus.
PULMONARY
¢ KARTAGENER'S SYNDROME: Situs Inversus (lateral transposition of lungs) resulting from chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis.
¢ HAMMAN-RICH SYNDROME: Interstitial fibrosis of the lung.
¢ MIDDLE-LOBE SYNDROME: Chronic pneumonitis and atalectasis of middle lobe of right lung.
¢ CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME: Allergic Granulomatous Angiitis: Asthma, fever, eosinophilia.
INFECTIOUS
¢ FITZ-HUGH-CURTIS SYNDROME: Gonococcal Periphepatitis in woman, as a complication of Gonorrhea.
¢ GUILLAN-BARRE SYNDROME: Infectious Polyneuritis of unknown cause.
¢ HUNT'S SYNDROME: Herpe's Zoster infection of Facial Nerve (CN VII) and Geniculate Ganglion ------ > facial palsy.
o Zoster of ear
¢ REYE'S SYNDROME: Loss of consciousness and seizures in kids, after a viral infection treated by aspirin.
¢ REITER'S SYNDROME: Symptom cluster. Etiology is thought to be Chlamydial or postchlamydial.
o Urethritis
o Iridocyclitis (Conjunctivitis)
o Arthritis
o Skin lesions like karatoderma blenorrhagicum
o Also can see fatty liver or liver necrosis.
¢ SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME: S. Aureus toxic epidermal necrolysis.
¢ STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME: Erythema Multiforme complication.
o Large areas of skin slough, including mouth and anogenital membranes.
o Mucous membranes: stomatitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis.
o Headache, fever, malaise.
¢ TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME: Caused by superabsorbent tampons. Infection with Staph Aureus and subsequent toxicity of exotoxin TSST ------> systemic anaphylaxis.
o Fever, vomiting, diarrhea
o Red rash followed by desquamation
¢ WATERHOUSE-FRIEDRICHSON SYNDROME:
Meningeococcal Meningitis ------> DIC, hemorrhagic infarct of adrenal glands ---- --> fulminant adrenal failure.
o Vomiting, diarrhea.
o Shock
o Extensive purpura, cyanosis, circulatory collapse.
RENAL
¢ KEMMELSTIEL-WILSON SYNDROME:
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis.
¢ BARTTER'S SYNDROME: Juxtaglomerular Cell Hyperplasia ------> secondary symptoms:
o Hyperaldosteronism, Hypokalemic Alkalosis, elevated renin and angiotensin
o No hypertension.
o Compare to Conn's Syndrome
¢ FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type II: Renal aminoaciduria, glycosuria, hypophosphaturia, cysteine deposition, rickets.
¢ THORN'S SYNDROME: Salt-losing nephritis.
NEUROLOGICAL
¢ CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME:
Compression of Median Nerve through the Carpal Tunnel ------> pain and parasthesia over distribution of Median N.
¢ FROIN'S SYNDROME: Block in CSF flow ---- --> xanthochromia (yellow discoloration) of CSF.
¢ ACUTE-BRAIN SYNDROME: Delirium, confusion, disorientation, developing suddenly in a person that was previously psychologically normal.
¢ GERSTMANN'S SYNDROME: Lesion between occipital area and angular gyrus ------> symptoms:
o Finger agnosia, Agraphia, acalculia
o Right-left disorientation
¢ HORNER'S SYNDROME: Loss or lesion of cervical sympathetic ganglion ------>
o Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
o Enophthalmos (caved in eyes)
¢ KORSAKOFF SYNDROME: Loss of short-term memory in chronic alcoholism, caused by degeneration of mamillary bodies.
¢ RILEY-DAY SYNDROME: Familial dysautonomia.
GASTROINTESTINAL
¢ MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME: Laceration of lower end of esophagus from vomiting ------> hematemesis. Often seen in alcoholics.
¢ MALABSORPTION SYNDROME: Impaired absorption of dietary substance ------> diarrhea, weakness, weight loss, or symptoms from specific deficiencies.
¢ BARRET SYNDROME: Chronic peptic ulcer of the lower esophagus, resulting in metaplasia of esophageal columnar epithelium ------> squamous epithelium.
¢ ZOLLINGER-ELLISOHN SYNDROME: Gastrinsecreting tumor in pancreas ------> Severe peptic ulcers, gastric hyperacidity.
¢ PLUMMER-VINSON SYNDROME: Esophageal Webs, leading to dysphagis and atrophy of papillae of tongue.
o Also see hypochromic anemia, splenomegaly.
RETICULOENDOTHELIAL, HEMATOLOGIC
¢ BANTI'S SYNDROME: Chronic Congestive Splenomegaly with anemia, caused by either Portal Hypertension or Splenic Vein Thrombosis.
¢ BUD-CHIARI SYNDROME:
o ACUTE: Hepatic Vein Thrombosis ------> Massive ascites and dramatic death.
o CHRONIC: Gradual hepatomegaly, portal hypertension, nausea, vomiting, edema, ultimately death.
¢ DUBIN-JOHNSON SYNDROME: Defect in excretion of conjugated bilirubin ------> recurrent mild jaundice. Buildup of direct builirubin in blood.
¢ CHIDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME: Abnormalities in leukocytes with large inclusions.
¢ CRUVEILHIER-BAUMGARTEN SYNDROME: Symptoms cluster:
o Liver cirrhosis
o Caput Medussae
o Venous hum and thrill
¢ FELTY'S SYNDROME: Rheumatoid Arthritis with splenomegaly, leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
¢ LOFFLER'S SYNDROME: Eosinophilia with transient infiltrates in lungs.
UNCATEGORIZED
¢ YELLOW-NAIL SYNDROME: Stop growth of nails ------> increased convexity, thickening, and yellowing of nails.
o Found in Lymphedema, bronchitis, chronic bronchiectasis.
¢ COSTOCHONDRAL SYNDROME: Pain in chest with tenderness over one or more costochondral junctions.
o Similar to Tietze's Syndrome but no specific inflammation.
¢ TIETZE'S SYNDROME: Costochondritis. Swelling and tenderness of the costal cartilege.
¢ MIKULICZ'S SYNDROME: Salivary and lacrimal enlargement as seen in several diseases:
o Sarcoidosis
o Tuberculosis
o Leukemia
¢ MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME: Malingering - - fabrication of a clinically convincing disease by an itinerant malingerer.
¢ PICKWICKIAN SYNDROME: Symptom cluster
o Obesity
o Hypoventilation
o Somnolence
o Erythrocytosis
¢ RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: Need to
stretch legs at night before going to sleep; twitch in legs causing insomnia.
¢ STRAIGHT BACK SYNDROME: Loss of normal kyphosis of thoracic spine ------>
o Straight spine
o Ejection murmur
o Widened cardiac silouhette on x-ray
¢ SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME: Autoimmune complex
o Keratoconjuctivitis Sicca (dry eyes and mouth)
o Dryness of Mucous membranes
o Telangiectasias in face
o Parotid enlargement
¢ ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME: Radiation
exposure.
o 12 hours post-exposure: Vomiting
o 24 hours post-exposure: Prostration (extreme exhaustion), fever, diarrhea
o Later: Petechial hemorrhage, hypotension, tachycardia, profuse bloody diarrhea, maybe death.
¢ CHINESE RESTAURANT SYNDROME: MSG
reaction ------> Chest Pain, burning sensation over parts of body.
¢ BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROME: Damage
(injury) to half of spinal cord ------> symptoms:
o Loss of pain and temperature sensation on contralateral side of body.
o Loss of proprioception and discriminatory touch on ipsilateral side of body.
CARDIOVASCULAR
¢ ADAMS-STOKES SYNDROME: Heart block, with
slow or absent pulse, often accompanied by convulsions.
¢ BARLOW SYNDROME: Floppy Mitral Valve
Syndrome; Massive Mitral Valve Prolapse ------>
Late apical systolic murmur, systolic click, or both.
¢ EISENMENGER'S SYNDROME: Ventricular- Septal Defect ------> Pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis.
¢ FLOPPY-VALVE SYNDROME: Mitral
Incompetence due to myxomatous degeneration of the leaflets.
¢ LERICHE'S SYNDROME: Occlusion of distal aorta ------>
o Hip, thigh, and calf fatigue.
o Impotence
¢ BEHCET'S SYNDROME: Vasculitis ------> secondary symptoms:
o Oral and genital ulcers
o Uveitis
o Optic atrophy
¢ SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME: Pain in
shoulder and swelling in hand, sometimes occurring after Myocardial Infarction.
¢ SICK SINUS SYNDROME: Chaotic atrial activity; continual changes in P-Waves. Bradycardia, alternating with recurrent ectopic beats and runs of tachycardia.
¢ SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME: Caused by a tumor. Obstruction of SVC ------>
o Edema
o Engorgement of the vessels of face, neck, and arms.
o Nonproductive cough
o Dyspnea
¢ TAKAYASU'S SYNDROME: Arteritis of the Aortic Arch, resulting in no pulse. Seen in young women.
¢ WOLF-PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME:
ECG pattern of Paroxysmal Tachycardia.
o Short PR interval
o Delta wave = early QRS complex.
IATROGENIC (or Secondary to Medical Treatment)
¢ AFFERENT LOOP SYNDROME:
Gastrojejunal loop obstruction, proximal to a gastrojejunostomy.
o Ingestion of food produces nausea, pain, and duodenal distension.
¢ ASHERMAN'S SYNDROME: Adhesions
within the endometrial cavity, causing amenorrhea and infertility.
o Adhesions probably were caused by surgery.
¢ ULYSSES SYNDROME: Ill effects from
follow-up diagnostic tests following a falsepositive screening test.
NEOPLASTIC (Malignant or Benign)
¢ CARCINOID SYNDROME: Carcinoid tumor producing Bradykinin + Serotonin ------> secondary symptoms:
o Cyanotic flushing
o Diarrhea
o Bronchial spasm
o Edema, ascites.
¢ CRONKHITE-CANADA SYNDROME: GIPolyps with diffuse alopecia (hair-loss) and nail dystrophy.
o May see protein-losing enteropathy and malabsorption.
¢ GARDNER'S SYNDROME: Multiple inherited tumors, hereditary dominant trait.
o Skull osteomas, Fibromas, Epidermoid cysts
o Colonic polyposis (APC gene) ------> predisposition to colonic adenocarcinoma.
¢ LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME:
Progressive proximal muscle weakness secondary to a carcinoma.
¢ MEIGS' SYNDROME: Fibroma of ovary with ascites and hydrothorax
¢ PANCOAST SYNDROME: Tumor near pulmonary apex ------>
o Neuritic pain of chest and arm
o Muscle atrophy of the arm
o Horner's Syndrome (impaired cervical sympathetics)
¢ PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME: Polyposis (hamartomas) of small intestine
o Also see melanin pigmentation of buccal mucosa and skin around mouth and lips
CONGENITAL
¢ CEREBELLAR SYNDROME: Congenital Cerebellar Ataxia
¢ CERVICAL SYNDROME: Supernumerary C7 rib - -----> Pressure on brachial plexus ------> pain radiating over shoulder, arm, and forearm over C7 distribution.
¢ DANDY-WALKER SYNDROME: Obstruction of Foramina of Magendie and Luschka in infants ------> Hydrocephalus.
¢ DIGEORGE SYNDROME: Congenital absence of 3rd and 4th Branchial Arches (Thymus and Parathyroid Glands) ------> secondary symptoms:
o No cell-mediated immunity ------> Frequent viral and fungal infections
o Characteristic facial deformities
¢ DOWN SYNDROME: Trisomy 21. Mental retardation, characteristic facial features, Simeon crease in hand.
¢ FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type I: Bone-marrow hypoplasia ------> refractory anemia, pancytopenia.
¢ EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME: Congenital defect in collagen.
o Hyper-elasticity and friability of the skin.
o Hyperextensibility of the joints.
¢ FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME: Fetal malformations, growth deficiencies, craniofacial anomalies, limb defects.
¢ GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME: Autoantibodies against basement membranes ------> Glomerulonephritis (kidney) and hemoptysis (lungs).
o Often, death by renal failure
¢ KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME: Trisomy XXY --- ---> testicular atrophy, increase in gonadotropins in urine.
¢ KLIPPEL-FEIL SYNDROME:
o Cervical vertebrate fused
o Congenital short neck, limited neck rotation
o Abnormalities of the brainstem and cerebellum
o Low hairline.
¢ LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME: Deficiency of HGPRT (Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase ------>
o Hyperuricemia, uric acid kidney stones
o Choreoathetosis
o Mental retardation, autism, spastic
cerebral palsy
o X-Linked recessive
¢ MARFAN SYNDROME: Connective Tissue disorder ------>
o Arachnodactyly: Abnormally long digits and extremities
o Subluxation of lens
o Dissecting aortic aneurism
¢ POSTRUBELLA SYNDROME: Infantile defects resulting from maternal Rubella infection during first trimester.
o Microphthalmos, cataracts
o Deafness
o Mental retardation
o Patent ductus arteriosis, Pulmonary arterial stenosis
¢ PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME: Short stature, mental retardation, polyphagia with marked obesity, sexual infantilism.
¢ RENDU-OSLER-WEBER SYNDROME:
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
¢ SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME: Unexplained death in sleeping infants.
¢ TURNER'S SYNDROME: XO monosomy.
o Dwarfism
o Webbed neck
o Valgus of elbow.
o Amenorrhea
¢ WILSON SYNDROME: Congenital defect in Ceruloplasmin, leading to buildup of copper ----- -> mental retardation, cirrhosis, hepatolenticular degeneration.
ENDOCRINE, REPRODUCTIVE
¢ AMENNORRHEA-GALACTORRHEA
SYNDROME: Non-physiologic lactation, resulting from endocrinologic causes or from a pituitary disorder.
¢ CONN'S SYNDROME: Primary
Hyperaldosteronism ------> muscular weakness, hypertension, hypokalemia, alkalosis.
¢ CUSHING'S SYNDROME: Hypersecretion of cortisol ------> secondary symptoms and characteristics:
o Fatness of face and trunk with wasting of extremities
o Buffalo hump
o Bone decalacification
o Corticoid diabetes
o Hypertension
¢ PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME: Abnormal sensation in breasts, abdominal pain, thirst, headache, pelvic congestion, nervous irritability.
o Ocassionally nausea and vomiting.
¢ SHEEHAN'S SYNDROME: Post-partum pituitary necrosis ------> hypopituitarism.
¢ STEIN-LEVENTHAL SYNDROME: Polycystic ovary ------> infertility, amenorrhea, hirsutism. Seen in obese women.
¢ TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION SYNDROME:
Insensitivity to Testosterone. Male Psuedohermaphroditism
o Complete female external genatalia, incompletely developed vagina, rudimentary uterus.
PULMONARY
¢ KARTAGENER'S SYNDROME: Situs Inversus (lateral transposition of lungs) resulting from chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis.
¢ HAMMAN-RICH SYNDROME: Interstitial fibrosis of the lung.
¢ MIDDLE-LOBE SYNDROME: Chronic pneumonitis and atalectasis of middle lobe of right lung.
¢ CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME: Allergic Granulomatous Angiitis: Asthma, fever, eosinophilia.
INFECTIOUS
¢ FITZ-HUGH-CURTIS SYNDROME: Gonococcal Periphepatitis in woman, as a complication of Gonorrhea.
¢ GUILLAN-BARRE SYNDROME: Infectious Polyneuritis of unknown cause.
¢ HUNT'S SYNDROME: Herpe's Zoster infection of Facial Nerve (CN VII) and Geniculate Ganglion ------ > facial palsy.
o Zoster of ear
¢ REYE'S SYNDROME: Loss of consciousness and seizures in kids, after a viral infection treated by aspirin.
¢ REITER'S SYNDROME: Symptom cluster. Etiology is thought to be Chlamydial or postchlamydial.
o Urethritis
o Iridocyclitis (Conjunctivitis)
o Arthritis
o Skin lesions like karatoderma blenorrhagicum
o Also can see fatty liver or liver necrosis.
¢ SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME: S. Aureus toxic epidermal necrolysis.
¢ STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME: Erythema Multiforme complication.
o Large areas of skin slough, including mouth and anogenital membranes.
o Mucous membranes: stomatitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis.
o Headache, fever, malaise.
¢ TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME: Caused by superabsorbent tampons. Infection with Staph Aureus and subsequent toxicity of exotoxin TSST ------> systemic anaphylaxis.
o Fever, vomiting, diarrhea
o Red rash followed by desquamation
¢ WATERHOUSE-FRIEDRICHSON SYNDROME:
Meningeococcal Meningitis ------> DIC, hemorrhagic infarct of adrenal glands ---- --> fulminant adrenal failure.
o Vomiting, diarrhea.
o Shock
o Extensive purpura, cyanosis, circulatory collapse.
RENAL
¢ KEMMELSTIEL-WILSON SYNDROME:
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis.
¢ BARTTER'S SYNDROME: Juxtaglomerular Cell Hyperplasia ------> secondary symptoms:
o Hyperaldosteronism, Hypokalemic Alkalosis, elevated renin and angiotensin
o No hypertension.
o Compare to Conn's Syndrome
¢ FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type II: Renal aminoaciduria, glycosuria, hypophosphaturia, cysteine deposition, rickets.
¢ THORN'S SYNDROME: Salt-losing nephritis.
NEUROLOGICAL
¢ CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME:
Compression of Median Nerve through the Carpal Tunnel ------> pain and parasthesia over distribution of Median N.
¢ FROIN'S SYNDROME: Block in CSF flow ---- --> xanthochromia (yellow discoloration) of CSF.
¢ ACUTE-BRAIN SYNDROME: Delirium, confusion, disorientation, developing suddenly in a person that was previously psychologically normal.
¢ GERSTMANN'S SYNDROME: Lesion between occipital area and angular gyrus ------> symptoms:
o Finger agnosia, Agraphia, acalculia
o Right-left disorientation
¢ HORNER'S SYNDROME: Loss or lesion of cervical sympathetic ganglion ------>
o Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
o Enophthalmos (caved in eyes)
¢ KORSAKOFF SYNDROME: Loss of short-term memory in chronic alcoholism, caused by degeneration of mamillary bodies.
¢ RILEY-DAY SYNDROME: Familial dysautonomia.
GASTROINTESTINAL
¢ MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME: Laceration of lower end of esophagus from vomiting ------> hematemesis. Often seen in alcoholics.
¢ MALABSORPTION SYNDROME: Impaired absorption of dietary substance ------> diarrhea, weakness, weight loss, or symptoms from specific deficiencies.
¢ BARRET SYNDROME: Chronic peptic ulcer of the lower esophagus, resulting in metaplasia of esophageal columnar epithelium ------> squamous epithelium.
¢ ZOLLINGER-ELLISOHN SYNDROME: Gastrinsecreting tumor in pancreas ------> Severe peptic ulcers, gastric hyperacidity.
¢ PLUMMER-VINSON SYNDROME: Esophageal Webs, leading to dysphagis and atrophy of papillae of tongue.
o Also see hypochromic anemia, splenomegaly.
RETICULOENDOTHELIAL, HEMATOLOGIC
¢ BANTI'S SYNDROME: Chronic Congestive Splenomegaly with anemia, caused by either Portal Hypertension or Splenic Vein Thrombosis.
¢ BUD-CHIARI SYNDROME:
o ACUTE: Hepatic Vein Thrombosis ------> Massive ascites and dramatic death.
o CHRONIC: Gradual hepatomegaly, portal hypertension, nausea, vomiting, edema, ultimately death.
¢ DUBIN-JOHNSON SYNDROME: Defect in excretion of conjugated bilirubin ------> recurrent mild jaundice. Buildup of direct builirubin in blood.
¢ CHIDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME: Abnormalities in leukocytes with large inclusions.
¢ CRUVEILHIER-BAUMGARTEN SYNDROME: Symptoms cluster:
o Liver cirrhosis
o Caput Medussae
o Venous hum and thrill
¢ FELTY'S SYNDROME: Rheumatoid Arthritis with splenomegaly, leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.
¢ LOFFLER'S SYNDROME: Eosinophilia with transient infiltrates in lungs.
UNCATEGORIZED
¢ YELLOW-NAIL SYNDROME: Stop growth of nails ------> increased convexity, thickening, and yellowing of nails.
o Found in Lymphedema, bronchitis, chronic bronchiectasis.
¢ COSTOCHONDRAL SYNDROME: Pain in chest with tenderness over one or more costochondral junctions.
o Similar to Tietze's Syndrome but no specific inflammation.
¢ TIETZE'S SYNDROME: Costochondritis. Swelling and tenderness of the costal cartilege.
¢ MIKULICZ'S SYNDROME: Salivary and lacrimal enlargement as seen in several diseases:
o Sarcoidosis
o Tuberculosis
o Leukemia
¢ MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME: Malingering - - fabrication of a clinically convincing disease by an itinerant malingerer.
¢ PICKWICKIAN SYNDROME: Symptom cluster
o Obesity
o Hypoventilation
o Somnolence
o Erythrocytosis
¢ RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: Need to
stretch legs at night before going to sleep; twitch in legs causing insomnia.
¢ STRAIGHT BACK SYNDROME: Loss of normal kyphosis of thoracic spine ------>
o Straight spine
o Ejection murmur
o Widened cardiac silouhette on x-ray
¢ SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME: Autoimmune complex
o Keratoconjuctivitis Sicca (dry eyes and mouth)
o Dryness of Mucous membranes
o Telangiectasias in face
o Parotid enlargement