06-06-2009, 07:18 AM
1.
A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency
department after being
discovered semiconscious and incoherent at home. On
arrival, he is
stuporous. His blood pressure is 105/70 mm Hg, pulse
is 80/min, and
respirations are 12/min. Examination shows cool, damp
skin. The pupils are
pinpoint and react sluggishly to light. Which of the
following is the
most likely substance taken?
A
) Alcohol
B
) Barbiturates
C
) Cocaine
D
) Heroin
E
) LSD
2. A 15-year-old girl is brought to the emergency
department by her
20-year-old sister because of a 1-week history of
fatigue, nausea, and
abdominal pain. Menarche was at the age of 12 years,
and her last
menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. She has not had
vaginal discharge. She
is sexually active, and she and her partner use
condoms inconsistently.
Her temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood pressure is
110/60 mm Hg, and
pulse is 95/min. Abdominal examination shows mild
bilateral lower
quadrant tenderness. Before a pelvic examination and
a pregnancy test can
be performed in this patient, consent must be obtained
from which of the
following?
A
) The court
B
) The patient
C
) The patient's parent
D
) The patient's sister
E
) No consent is necessary
3. A previously healthy 57-year-old man comes to
the physician
because of a nonpruritic rash over both legs for 1
week and a low-grade
fever for 2 days. He recently returned from a 2-week
canoe trip on a river
in Minnesota. His temperature is 37.2 C (99 F).
Examination shows a 4
x 6-cm, macular, dark pink, ovoid lesion on the right
posterior hip
with central clearing and a punctate eschar near the
center. There are
macular ring lesions with central clearing over the
medial tibia and
anterior thighs of the lower extremities. He has no
lymphadenopathy.
Which of the following is the most likely causal
organism?
A
) Borrelia burgdorferi
B
) Brucella melitensis
C
) Francisella tularensis
D
) Leptospira interrogans
E
) Rickettsia rickettsii
4. A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician
because of a 2-year
history of increasing menstrual flow. She has not had
hot flashes,
insomnia, or change in bowel or bladder function. Her
last menstrual period
was 2 weeks ago. Pelvic examination shows a
normal-appearing vulva,
vagina, and cervix. The uterus is consistent in size
with an 8-week
gestation. Bimanual examination shows a 4-cm, firm,
nontender left ovary. An
endometrial biopsy specimen shows atypical complex
endometrial
hyperplasia. Which of the following is the most likely
cause of this patient's
hyperplasia?
A
) Adrenal adenoma
B
) Brenner tumor
C
) Carcinoid tumor
D
) Granulosa cell tumor
E
) Hyperthecosis
F
) Islet cell tumor
G
) Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
5. A 67-year-old woman comes to the physician
because of vaginal
bleeding for 10 days. She has been soaking one
sanitary pad daily.
Menopause was 10 years ago. Her last Pap smear 5
years ago showed normal
findings. Her temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood
pressure is 128/78 mm
Hg, pulse is 70/min, and respirations are 12/min.
Pelvic examination
shows a normal-appearing cervix and a small amount of
blood at the
cervical os. There is moderate thinning of the
vaginal mucosa. The uterus
is irregular and consistent in size with a 10-week
gestation. There
are no adnexal masses. Rectovaginal examination shows
no abnormalities.
Test of the stool for occult blood is negative. Which
of the following
is the most appropriate next step in diagnosis?
A
) Transvaginal ultrasonography of the pelvis
B
) Colposcopic-guided biopsy
C
) Endometrial biopsy
D
) Endometrial ablation
E
) Culdocentesis
6. During a routine examination, a 32-year-old man
has a blood
pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. He is concerned because his
father, grandfather,
and two uncles have hypertension. He works as a
systems programmer for
a large computer company and frequently has to meet
tight deadlines.
He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 10
years. He is 4.5 kg
(10 lb) overweight and drinks three cups of coffee
daily. Which of the
following measures is most likely to reduce this
patient's risk for
hypertension over the next 5 years?
A
) Increase intake of dietary fiber
B
) Restrict caffeine
C
) Stress management
D
) Weight loss
7. A previously healthy 16-year-old boy comes to
the physician
because of persistent pain in his left testicle for 24
hours. He has not
had any penile discharge. There is no history of
trauma, but he plays
soccer every day. Two months ago, he had sexual
intercourse for the
first time, and he used a condom. Examination shows
an edematous,
erythematous, exquisitely tender left scrotum that is
lower than the right.
Elevating the left testicle relieves the pain. The
cremasteric reflex is
present. Urinalysis shows 10 leukocytes/hpf and 1+
leukocyte esterase.
A technetium 99m scan shows increased uptake in the
left testicle.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of the
pain?
A
) Cystitis
B
) Epididymitis
C
) Spermatocele
D
) Testicular torsion
E
) Testicular tumor
8. A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician
because of persistent
nonproductive cough for 6 weeks. She has not had
fever or weight loss.
She has hypertension treated with enalapril for the
past 3 months. She
does not smoke. There is no history of lung disease.
She weighs 54 kg
(120 lb) and is 163 cm (64 in) tall. Her temperature
is 37 C (98.6 F),
blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, pulse is 70/min, and
respirations are
12/min. Examination and an x-ray film of the chest
show no
abnormalities. Which of the following is the most
likely mechanism of this
patient's cough?
A
) Decreased plasma renin activity
B
) Decreased serum angiotensin II levels
C
) Increased serum angiotensin I levels
D
) Increased serum bradykinin levels
E
) Increased serum histamine levels
9. A 57-year-old man has been hospitalized for 2
days for treatment
of unstable angina pectoris. He is currently
receiving intravenous
heparin and undergoing evaluation for coronary artery
bypass grafting.
His blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg, pulse is 88/min,
and respirations are
16/min. Laboratory studies show:
Platelet count 90,000/mm3
Prothrombin time 12 sec (INR=1.1)
Partial thromboplastin time 35 sec
Which of the following is the most likely cause of
these findings?
A
) Excessive platelet destruction
B
) Factor VIII deficiency
C
) Inadequate platelet production
D
) Uncontrolled activation of coagulation and
fibrinolytic cascades
E
) Vitamin K deficiency
10. A study is conducted to assess the
effectiveness of a new blood
test for early detection of prostate cancer. Ten
thousand healthy men
over the age of 50 years are randomly assigned to
receive either annual
rectal examination or annual screening with the new
blood test. After
5 years, results show that of the 50 men in the blood
test group that
were diagnosed with prostate cancer, 40 were living 2
years after the
diagnosis was made. In comparison, only 15 out of 45
men in the rectal
examination group survived 2 years after being
diagnosed with prostate
cancer. Researchers conclude that the blood test
increases survival
compared with rectal examination. Which of the
following potential flaws
is most likely to invalidate this conclusion?
A
) Age of the patients
B
) Diagnostic bias
C
) Lead time bias
D
) Recall bias
E
) Type II error
A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency
department after being
discovered semiconscious and incoherent at home. On
arrival, he is
stuporous. His blood pressure is 105/70 mm Hg, pulse
is 80/min, and
respirations are 12/min. Examination shows cool, damp
skin. The pupils are
pinpoint and react sluggishly to light. Which of the
following is the
most likely substance taken?
A
) Alcohol
B
) Barbiturates
C
) Cocaine
D
) Heroin
E
) LSD
2. A 15-year-old girl is brought to the emergency
department by her
20-year-old sister because of a 1-week history of
fatigue, nausea, and
abdominal pain. Menarche was at the age of 12 years,
and her last
menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. She has not had
vaginal discharge. She
is sexually active, and she and her partner use
condoms inconsistently.
Her temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood pressure is
110/60 mm Hg, and
pulse is 95/min. Abdominal examination shows mild
bilateral lower
quadrant tenderness. Before a pelvic examination and
a pregnancy test can
be performed in this patient, consent must be obtained
from which of the
following?
A
) The court
B
) The patient
C
) The patient's parent
D
) The patient's sister
E
) No consent is necessary
3. A previously healthy 57-year-old man comes to
the physician
because of a nonpruritic rash over both legs for 1
week and a low-grade
fever for 2 days. He recently returned from a 2-week
canoe trip on a river
in Minnesota. His temperature is 37.2 C (99 F).
Examination shows a 4
x 6-cm, macular, dark pink, ovoid lesion on the right
posterior hip
with central clearing and a punctate eschar near the
center. There are
macular ring lesions with central clearing over the
medial tibia and
anterior thighs of the lower extremities. He has no
lymphadenopathy.
Which of the following is the most likely causal
organism?
A
) Borrelia burgdorferi
B
) Brucella melitensis
C
) Francisella tularensis
D
) Leptospira interrogans
E
) Rickettsia rickettsii
4. A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician
because of a 2-year
history of increasing menstrual flow. She has not had
hot flashes,
insomnia, or change in bowel or bladder function. Her
last menstrual period
was 2 weeks ago. Pelvic examination shows a
normal-appearing vulva,
vagina, and cervix. The uterus is consistent in size
with an 8-week
gestation. Bimanual examination shows a 4-cm, firm,
nontender left ovary. An
endometrial biopsy specimen shows atypical complex
endometrial
hyperplasia. Which of the following is the most likely
cause of this patient's
hyperplasia?
A
) Adrenal adenoma
B
) Brenner tumor
C
) Carcinoid tumor
D
) Granulosa cell tumor
E
) Hyperthecosis
F
) Islet cell tumor
G
) Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
5. A 67-year-old woman comes to the physician
because of vaginal
bleeding for 10 days. She has been soaking one
sanitary pad daily.
Menopause was 10 years ago. Her last Pap smear 5
years ago showed normal
findings. Her temperature is 37 C (98.6 F), blood
pressure is 128/78 mm
Hg, pulse is 70/min, and respirations are 12/min.
Pelvic examination
shows a normal-appearing cervix and a small amount of
blood at the
cervical os. There is moderate thinning of the
vaginal mucosa. The uterus
is irregular and consistent in size with a 10-week
gestation. There
are no adnexal masses. Rectovaginal examination shows
no abnormalities.
Test of the stool for occult blood is negative. Which
of the following
is the most appropriate next step in diagnosis?
A
) Transvaginal ultrasonography of the pelvis
B
) Colposcopic-guided biopsy
C
) Endometrial biopsy
D
) Endometrial ablation
E
) Culdocentesis
6. During a routine examination, a 32-year-old man
has a blood
pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. He is concerned because his
father, grandfather,
and two uncles have hypertension. He works as a
systems programmer for
a large computer company and frequently has to meet
tight deadlines.
He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 10
years. He is 4.5 kg
(10 lb) overweight and drinks three cups of coffee
daily. Which of the
following measures is most likely to reduce this
patient's risk for
hypertension over the next 5 years?
A
) Increase intake of dietary fiber
B
) Restrict caffeine
C
) Stress management
D
) Weight loss
7. A previously healthy 16-year-old boy comes to
the physician
because of persistent pain in his left testicle for 24
hours. He has not
had any penile discharge. There is no history of
trauma, but he plays
soccer every day. Two months ago, he had sexual
intercourse for the
first time, and he used a condom. Examination shows
an edematous,
erythematous, exquisitely tender left scrotum that is
lower than the right.
Elevating the left testicle relieves the pain. The
cremasteric reflex is
present. Urinalysis shows 10 leukocytes/hpf and 1+
leukocyte esterase.
A technetium 99m scan shows increased uptake in the
left testicle.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of the
pain?
A
) Cystitis
B
) Epididymitis
C
) Spermatocele
D
) Testicular torsion
E
) Testicular tumor
8. A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician
because of persistent
nonproductive cough for 6 weeks. She has not had
fever or weight loss.
She has hypertension treated with enalapril for the
past 3 months. She
does not smoke. There is no history of lung disease.
She weighs 54 kg
(120 lb) and is 163 cm (64 in) tall. Her temperature
is 37 C (98.6 F),
blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, pulse is 70/min, and
respirations are
12/min. Examination and an x-ray film of the chest
show no
abnormalities. Which of the following is the most
likely mechanism of this
patient's cough?
A
) Decreased plasma renin activity
B
) Decreased serum angiotensin II levels
C
) Increased serum angiotensin I levels
D
) Increased serum bradykinin levels
E
) Increased serum histamine levels
9. A 57-year-old man has been hospitalized for 2
days for treatment
of unstable angina pectoris. He is currently
receiving intravenous
heparin and undergoing evaluation for coronary artery
bypass grafting.
His blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg, pulse is 88/min,
and respirations are
16/min. Laboratory studies show:
Platelet count 90,000/mm3
Prothrombin time 12 sec (INR=1.1)
Partial thromboplastin time 35 sec
Which of the following is the most likely cause of
these findings?
A
) Excessive platelet destruction
B
) Factor VIII deficiency
C
) Inadequate platelet production
D
) Uncontrolled activation of coagulation and
fibrinolytic cascades
E
) Vitamin K deficiency
10. A study is conducted to assess the
effectiveness of a new blood
test for early detection of prostate cancer. Ten
thousand healthy men
over the age of 50 years are randomly assigned to
receive either annual
rectal examination or annual screening with the new
blood test. After
5 years, results show that of the 50 men in the blood
test group that
were diagnosed with prostate cancer, 40 were living 2
years after the
diagnosis was made. In comparison, only 15 out of 45
men in the rectal
examination group survived 2 years after being
diagnosed with prostate
cancer. Researchers conclude that the blood test
increases survival
compared with rectal examination. Which of the
following potential flaws
is most likely to invalidate this conclusion?
A
) Age of the patients
B
) Diagnostic bias
C
) Lead time bias
D
) Recall bias
E
) Type II error