09-20-2008, 01:08 PM
buccinator
USMLE Forum - Largest USMLE Community
›
USMLE Forum
›
Step 1
good for those whos exam is near - rizowana
good for those whos exam is near - rizowana
|
good for those whos exam is near - rizowana
|
09-20-2008, 01:55 PM
pharma high yield
15-??), Neurotransmitter decrease in Huntington ..only they didn™t mentio in was Huntingtonyou have to figure that outI choose GABA, SuccinylCholinsaying aneasthetic drug causing flaccid paralysis..what drug? 16-Pt taking already two drug for hypertension and saying you add 3rd drug to control pressure but causes hyperkalamia.what drug..ACE inhibitor 17-Sidenfil and nitroprissidewhat happens, Birth control pill associated break through bleeding in contex of CTY P450 drugs. 18-pharma.... easy.mostly MOA and resistance. antiviral and chemotherapy drugr tested heavily 19-know minoxidil also give a B-blocker with it?Zero order elimination question?bethanachol question?physostigmine question?2 alpha-1 blocker questions?what drug pheochromocytoma?Erythromyocin cyp inhibitor? 20-Na channel blocker that increases QT? 2 warfarin questions?Thrombolytic question?Methotrexate and leucovorin?Bleomycin question?Vincristine and neurotoxicity 21-.they love to ask MOA of warfarin-Rx for AF,bleeding diathesis c cimitidine(gyn.mastia) monitor PT,preg CI(*) 2,7,9,10/anti vitK.heparin-safe in preg/antithrombin3/???INR, stk/tpr plasmin-plasminogen etc etc.BPH/ca.prost....... 22-pharmacology ?1 doxorubicin : intercalatred dna or break strand DNA? ?2 mech of colchicine :inhibit microtubule ?3 rupture appendicites : atb cefotaxime+genta or pipercilin/tazobactam? ?4 s/e of dramamine : urinary tention ?5 old people need to use digoxin need to check liver or renal function or both ?6 orlistat SE steatorrhea ? 23-A father brings his child to the ER, he was fixing the sink that is usually locked cozz they keep different poisons there but he got careless and his kid drank one of the poisons. they have fumigators, sprays and rat poisons there, what is the teatment for this pt. I forgot the patient is bleeding from the gums.??a) deferoxamide?b) Atropine?c) fresh frozen plasma?d) EDTA?e) Naloxone 24-what is the mech of action of Sparfloxacin?????a) inhibit protein synthesis?b) inhibit cell wall synthesis?c) inhibit DNA polimerase V?d) inhibit DNA Gyrase?e) Competes with para-aminobenzoic acid 25-PHARMAC : Many many Q from this ...but they were easy and simple..need to memorise all tiny tiny side effects for some Q.Had 2 graphs from pharmaco dynamics regarding potency and efficacy and also from ANS with drug X and norepinephrine etc 26-For example, how does tetracycline work? Ans: by inhibiting attachment of tRNA to the ribosome. Something like that. Study also the AIDS drugs. As usual, what action of drug at the molecular level. 27-Drug for methotrexate ?1. What drug is usually given as pre-treatment for leukemia chemotherapy? ?- allopurinol ?2. Drawing of nephron. Where does this diuretic act? ?3. Which of the following anti-diuretics works by inhibiting the Na/K/2Cl transporter? ?- furosemide ?? 28-1. 25 y.o male who went hiking in the woods 2 wks ago. He was treated with a penicillin drug for throat infection. PE shows linear erythematous rashes over arms, legs, hands. What is the cause? ?- photosensitivity ?- Varicella-Zoster ?- Hypersensitivity ?(I answered photosensitivity 29- Px with greenish ear discharge, with a fruity smell. What is the antibiotic of choice? ? 30-focus on antimicrobials with emphasis on pneumonias,some complicated drug interactions,MOA of neoplastic{favourite was doxorubicin and vincristine 31-on acyclovir- they want you to know that for it to function it needs à thymidine kinase (phosphorylates DNA polymerase 32-Q on how NSAIDS affect the kidney in general à INHIBITS prostaglandins. What does that mean? Prostaglandins œDilate the afferent arteriole and if inhibited GFR will dec- watch if for patients with renal failure.? 33-NE release from adrenal gland medulla is mediated by? à Ach 34-Q on site of action of drugs tricyclic antidepressantsà inhibits reuptake of NE? 35-Q describes Reye™s syndrome and ask what is the mech of action of the drug that causes it à Irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase(COX-I and COX-2) that is Aspirin?? 36-Q on what is the advantage of COX-II inhibitors à It only plays a role in inflammation ONLY and does not give any GI side effects (GI lining which is protected by COX-I inhibited by Aspirin 37-Q on which drug to add in a patient on NSAIDs and GI upset à add misoprostol (Note that misoprostol should NOT be given to pregnant women because it is abortifacient 38-Q you must know the Mech of action of streptokinaseà conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to aid in thrombolysis. 39-Q about the efficacy and potency curves for drugsknow the diagrams in FA p299 p300. This is ALWAYS in the exam.? 40-Q about the most common side effect of Calcium channel blockersà Flushing? 41-Q about the substitute to ACEI in case of its coughing side effect à LOSARTAN (AgII receptor antagonist)??Q about the drug (s) that cause SLE like symptoms à Procainamide??Q about the P450 inhibitorsà Cimetidine is almost always in the answer choices??Q about a drug that blocks gastric acid secretions even in the presence of Ach à omeprazole??Q on accidental injection of NE into tissues what to give to prevent necrosis à Alpha blocker??Q on patient who has mania and seizures whch drug to give to treat both à valproate??Q case decribes hemorrhagic cystitis what drug causes it à cyclophasphamide??Q on what is used to treat the hemorrhagic cystitis of cyclophasphamide à mesna¢? 42-Q on a pt. is using 3 or 4 different drugs names listed) and present w/ some symptoms. Which drug can be substituted to prevent the cough? Losartan?? 43-Q shows a pic where drug X is stimulating muscular contractions while Drug Y is inhibiting muscular contractions. ID? à Most of the time they have Atropine and Succinylcholine as X and Y.?? 44-?Q on the MOA of Ketoconazole? à Inhibit ergosterol synthesis??Q on the MOA of tetracyclines? à Prevents the attachment of amino-
09-20-2008, 02:10 PM
some more hy pharma
4-?Q on the MOA of Ketoconazole? à Inhibit ergosterol synthesis??Q on the MOA of tetracyclines? à Prevents the attachment of amino-acyl tRNA to the ribosome??Q on a Pt. who has Herpes, what™s the tx? à Acyclovir??Q on Parathion (organophosphate) poisoning along w/ it™s symptoms how ou treat it? à Atropine??Q on a Pt w/ Wilson™s disease. Tx? à Penicillamine??Q describes a Pt who has a prolactin secreting tumor.Tx? à us Dopanine Agonist??Q asks about aecond messenger of Nitroglycerin? à CGMP (FA 324)??Q describes a Mother who is pregnant, what anticoagulant should be used? à Heparin??Q on the MOA of 5-FU? à Bioactivation of FdUMP which leads to decrease dTMP??Q Tell you about hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide and asked the MOA? à Alkylating agent which covalently cross link DNA at guanine N-7.??Q asks why penicillin not effective against Mycoplasma. Has cholesterol in its bacterial membraneNOTE - œno cell wall might not be an answer choice.?? 45-Q ask about 5-fu mode of action à inhibit thymidylate synthase.??Q to trt Teenager with acne à tx is tetracycline??Q on which hormone has affect on renal vasculature à dopamine??Q where you must know the mech of action of Sertralineà inhibit the neuronal reuptake of serotonin ??Q on how you treat influnza A à neuranunidase..?? 46-on a patient taking an antiarhythmic has pulmonary fibrosis. à amiodarone.? 47-Q on a guy who just turned positive for a TB testà Give INH with Vit. B6.?? 48-Q on Allopurinol MOA....diagram will be given. Locate where it acts à xanthine oxidase inhibitor ?? 49-Q on colchicines MOA à inhibit microtublules 50- about a kid who has asthma, what should be given during an acute episodeà albuterol 51-on a women who was put on warfarin- what allergy medicine should be avoidedà cimetidine? 52- describes a woman who has an oral candidiasis... what drug should be used. à nystatin? 53-describes a patient on ahypertensive medication and now he is allergic to sulfa- what to give? à Ethacrynic acid 54-Q on which Beta-blocker not to give an asthmatic à propranolol 55-Questions Prophylaxis for accidental healthcare worker exposure to TB (Rif for a month)?? 56-on which antibiotic would you not prescribe an eight year old. à Tetracycline ? 57- activators of the P450 system and one question on inhibition of P450. FA 336 DRUG reaction table is a MUST KNOW. 58-Qss always asked in the exam arediuretics “ know the MOA and Site of action of Acetozolamide, MOA and site of action of Furosamide?? 59-Q on Which diuretic will you prescribe to a diabetic with a GFR of ??Q on a schizophrenic patient who has diabetes develops facial and tongue movements, what is the mechanism of action of the medication that you will prescribe next? à ID clozapine MOA ? 60- Describes of galactosema, cataract, reason for It à osmotic damage by formation galactilol 61- on antiCA -Bloomycin- it causes à interstitial pulmonary fibrosis??Q ask If tumor produced in rats, what is deleted à tumor superssor gene, p53 etc.? 62-Drug induced interstitial nephritis- methicillin 63-breast tumor Esgn Rc positive, how to treat- tamoxifen? 64-Hyperprolactinemia assoc. with Dpamine? 65-absence seizure “ Rx ethosuccamide??erection problem in pt, how to Rx?? 66-Benzo antagonism”flumazenil 67-Pt after operation not recovering from relaxation, gave neostygmine, condition didn™t improve, which was relaxant- succinylycholine??Antipsychotic causes EPS; how to treat it- antimuscarinic- Benztropine ??S/S mania -what drug to treat”lithium??M/A of TCA drugs??gingival hypertrophy”phenytoin??What other drug act on beta- lactamases??Pencicilin elimination blocked where by probeneied- renal tubular secretion,??toxoplasma- treatment trimethoprim”sulfo??M/R to INH”by change in catalase??Rx of herpes zoster-acyclovir??Pulmonary fibrosis as an ADR-bleomycin??Pt on Rx hodkin™s dz, ADR, describing CHF, drug was doxorubicin??Breast Ca, Rc +ve,-- Rx with tamioxifen??Drug acting on IL-2 , INF, blocking their synthesis ? 68-Drug given in peptic ulcer, coates mucosa”sucralfate?M/A of omeprazol- inhibit H+/K+ ATPhase? Hx of bipolar, which is the DOC? Lithium 69-A man with an absence seizure, what drug you use??? 70-Penicillin hypersensitivity??Tetracycline mechanism??Patient given Clindamycin, what is likely to results = overgrowth of bacteria in his gut??TB patient with red-orange body fluid, what drug? (: Rifampin)??Amphotericin B mechanism??Hs of HSV, what does it required? Thymidine kinase??Picture: Where does Cocaine acts on NE pathway FA page311??Picture: Where alpha-2 acts on NE pathway FA page311??Patient with diarrhea, who is salivating and sweating. which drug reversesthese symptoms = Atropine??A farmer who sprayed and inhaled parathion, what treat = Atropine??Treat for asthma = beta-2 agonists??Which drug causes metabolic acidosis = Acetazolamide? 71-?Amiloride acts on the collecting ducts??Which drug decreases QT interval???Which drug reduces cholesterol = HMG-CoA reductase??Which drug lowers VLDL = gemfibrizol??What do you monitor with Bleomycin LFTs??What is the disadvantage of giving streptokinase??A man with schizophrenia has been given antipsychitcs and present with Parkinson symptoms, which drug you instead that wouldn™t have similar effects? atypicals??Sildenifil (Viagra): 2nd messenger = cGMP??Isosorbide given with Viagra (Selenfield) = cause hypotension??Antagonizing TXA2 cause what ??Colcbicine mechanism??Diabetic drug something to do with glipizidine??Diabetes: Contraindication for Metformin???cyclosporins??A pituitary tumor patient has been given bromocriptine, which hormone is inhibited = Prolactin?? 72-Most commonly used glucocorticoid used in chemotherapy? (prednisone 73-Warfarin poisoning 74-know everything about digoxin 75-moa of vancomycin??moa of neostigmine 76-Treatment for person with Wilson™s 77-What antipsychotic is absolutely contraindicated for a person with a heart condition 78-Patient on griseofulvin is now sterile. Problem with sperm is that...(motility)? 79-Teratogenic effect of tetracycline.??Experiment where basically ask the order of receptor affinity with Dobutamine.??Drug of choice for DM complaining of neuralgia of one leg.??Mech of action of opiods in cough suppression.??Woman walks into ER with swelling of upper lip, dyspnea with cyanosis. (angioedema) What is her antihypertensive med? (Captopril)??Woman with vasospastic angina by history. Most appropriate med??? 80-Phospholipase A2, AA, PG. and Leukotriene cascade, COX I and II, drugs that work here ? 82-Aldosterone acts via which receptors? Intracellular receptors??Angiotension II acts via which system? 1P3 2nd messenger system? 83-Patient was on azithromycin develops resistance over the course of several days, what is the mechanism? Methylation of ribosomal RNA (via methyl-transferases)??Patient has been on a drug for few weeks develop interstitial nephritis and other mild symptoms; what drug was he likely taken? Methicillin??Patient with chlamydia infection was given ceftriaxone, which agent should also be given? ??Mechanism of Cilastatin? Inhibits renal dihydropeptidases??Mechanism of Trimethoprim? ??Mechanism of Ciprofloxacin
09-20-2008, 02:43 PM
pharma pharma pharma
2-Aldosterone acts via which receptors? Intracellular receptors??Angiotension II acts via which system? 1P3 2nd messenger system? 83-Patient was on azithromycin develops resistance over the course of several days, what is the mechanism? Methylation of ribosomal RNA (via methyl-transferases)??Patient has been on a drug for few weeks develop interstitial nephritis and other mild symptoms; what drug was he likely taken? Methicillin??Patient with chlamydia infection was given ceftriaxone, which agent should also be given? ??Mechanism of Cilastatin? Inhibits renal dihydropeptidases??Mechanism of Trimethoprim? ??Mechanism of Ciprofloxacin? lnhbits DNA gyrase??Mechanism of Mebendazole? ??Patient develops hemolytic anemia after taking an X drug, what is the mechanism? G6PD deficiency (Recall: INH causes bemolysis in G6PD deficient people)??A patient is taking Fluconazole for esophageal condiasis, what is the drug™s mechanism? Inhibits synthesis of fungal ergosterol??a diagram of a nucleus and asked where does Ribavarin acts? ??An AIDS patient on AZT and Lamivudine, which agent is complementary for the patient regimen? Ritonavir (lndinavir was not a choice) --- must know triple therapy??A diagram of a skeletal muscle and a synaptic vesicle, asked for transmitter? Ach??Therapy for Atropine overdose? Physiostigmine??Malignant hyperthermia and Dantrolene was given, what is D mechanism? Blocks the release of Ca ions and prevents muscle contraction??ID Therapy of pheochromocytoma and ID mechanism? ??Dobutamine --- order of receptor™ Beta 1 > Beta 2 and no alpha effect??Mechanism of Nortriptyline? ?? 84-Carbmazapin for a patient with partial seizure, what is C mechanism? Decrease Na~ influx and prevents axonal conduction??Bradykinin role in AceI and cough ??Patient on Furosemide develops hypakalemia, which agent can be used to correct the problem? Amiloride --- K-sparing ??Hypertensive patient on a diuretic X develops Hypercalcemia, ID X and the likely mechanism of this finding? ??Odonserton mechanism? Antagonist of 5-HT??Anti-lipid agents, ID most likely drug for mechanism? Cloflbrate (Gemflbrozil) --- stimulates lipoprotein lipase and chylomicrons??Most common complication with Methotrexate? Bone morrow suppression??Drug used to open and maintain a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? A prostaglandin ??Asked about Heparin mechanism on treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)???a structural diagram of arachidonic acid pathway synthesis, know it all.??Gout therapy ??A Diabetic treated with Troglitazone- adverse effect? Hepatotoxicity ??Leuprolide --- (GnRH agonist)- know it they always ask??Lady has been taking Iodine during pregnancy, likely fetal abnormality? ?? 85-Before a colon surgery what antibiotic should give? Neomycin? 86-A patient who was taking Codeine for pain and was complaining of constipation, why was his medicine causing the constipation? ??A college girl who had overdosed on something and had pinpoint pupils- what should she be given? naloxone ?? 87-A patient that had hypocalcaemia - what diuretic would be good for her? Furosemide ???88-Man taking drug for acne and has sun burn over his sun exposed areas, what drug is he taking? Tetracycline??binds to 30S and prevents attachment or aminoacyl-tRNA.- Tetracycline?? 89-What should be given as prophylaxis to contacts of someone with meningitis? Rifampin?? 90-?What receptor Sumatriptan works on? 5-HT 1D agonist ??Pt. with positive ANA. Procainamide.??Gemfibrozil what is the side effect? Myositis??Methotrexate works. -- Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase.??What do you have to check in patient on Warfarin? PT??How streptokinase (specifically) works.?? 91-?1. few were like what is the MOA of HAART (HIV) drugs and lots of antimicrobial drug's MOA...also rifampin and isoniazide??2 they told me pt had gray baby synd and gave cyclophosphamide....what would u give for toxicity...MESNA...??2. then lots of graphs and Drug x and Drug Y and what is the interaction or what is the name of drug X??92-.Pregnant patients with DVTfamily history of DVTwhat to giveheparin 93-What to give in CMV infection if resistant to ganciclovir.foscarnet, One question on HIV medsHAART regiminforgot what it was 94-Question on CVS, ANS drugswith graphsI made my best guessnot sure if I did right or wrong, Renal drugs, M/O of phenytoin and carbimazapine, Haloperdol, M/O buripion ( FA says still unknownI had to guess), S/E of TCA, Some CTY P450 related questions, 2-3 picture asking where the drug works 95-M/O of Diabetic drug. 96-what to give if patient is allergic to aspirinclopidogrel 97- Birth control pill associated break through bleeding in contex of CTY P450 drugs. 98-1: Volume of distribution can be increased by .. HTN ?? or obesity?2: Drug respose graph of adding drug noncompetetive antagonist?3: 3 Questions with long stem having 2 or more drugs additon and affecting different aspects of CVS, all were time consuming, n i did all wrong?4: Antiphychtic drug poisoning?5: Dextroamphetamine poisoning?6: NO source .. arginine?7: Sildenafil mech of action .. phosdiesteaarse inhibitor raising cGMP?8: Benzodiazipine acting on which receptor with diagram?9: Amphotericin B main side affect .. its nephrotixic .. damn main ne theek kr ke wapis ja ke change kr dya  itna gusa aya baad main?10: Pt allergic to penicillin .. which drug to give for UTI .. 5 options, 2 penicillin, 1 cepaholosprin, clindamycin, gentamicin .. i checked gentamicin?11: Cyclophosphamide, hemorragic cystitis .. mesna?12: Pic showing cell in different phases of cell divison n spindle formation, which dug affective .. Vincristine?13: AIDS pt taking Indinavir, which other drug can replace it .. ritinavir?14: Affect of asparte inhibitor on cellular function in virus .. inhibiton of proteins for virus core?15: Women wants to have prophylaxis for malaria, which drug .. Mefloquiine?16: Pt with diarrhea, stool has entameba and giardia, drug of choice .. Metronidazole?17: Drug covering ulcer surface .. sucralfate?99-Pt presented w/hepatosplenomegaly, mild retardation, jaundice and cataract, asking what is the MOA of cataract? Galactitol 100-. A young girl had unprotected sex, and present w/cervical motion tenderness (key word) and ask for MOA of Rx?
09-20-2008, 02:59 PM
Guest Remembered Questions « on: January 06, 2008 » Reply with quote Hi! Took the step 1 last Friday. Its was really really tough. These are the questions that got me pooped: 1. HIV (+) man with anemia. Slide of bone marrow shows large cells with numerous intracytoplasmic inclusions. What??????????????????s the pathogen? (I remember one of the choices was CMV. ) 2. Adult female who had chemotherapy for AML. Developed fever and dry cough after one week. Cxr was clear. BAL fluid microscopic slide: it looks like darkly staining organisms with narrow based darkly staining bud, these are not inside macrophages or anything. What??????????????????s the virulence factor? (choices I remembered are: large capsule, production of alveolar exudates [but I swear it didn??????????????????t look like PCP], intracytoplasmic location [but I swear it??????????????????s not]) 3. Adult male consulted for hereditary colonic CA with suggestive symptoms. Brother and father died of same diagnosis. Work-up reveals colonic CA. wife implores to you not to tell patient for fear of depression. What to do? (I can??????????????????t decide between telling patient outright or asking patient first what he wants to know about the results? I answered the latter. Of course whatever the wife says is immaterial. ) 4. Cross section diagram of superior part of chest. What pointed structure is responsible for mydriasis, eye opening, sweating/what structure if lesioned will produce Horner??????????????????s? (I chose this bilateral structure very near and just lateral to the vertebral bodies, other choices were several nerve like sections albeit unilateral just posterior & lateral to esophagus, and the trachea) I know I??????????????????m supposed to look for the superior cervical ganglion but I haven??????????????????t encountered this diagram before. 5. Very long intimidating question about drug given to young versus old. Young person??????????????????s VD and CL are twice that of the old??????????????????s. T1/2 for young person is 24 hours. What??????????????????s the T1/2 for the old person? (Without computing, I just answered 24 hours; should it have been higher or lower? I mean, the VD and CL are half of the young person??????????????????s and the formula is 0. 7 Vd/Cl anyway?) 6. Glyceraldehyde 6 P ???????????????? DHAP, reaction in favor of DHAP. What??????????????????s the G of this reaction? (I didn??????????????????t cover this in my review so I forgot about choices. ) 7. 4-year old boy got hit by an arrow in the sternum. (Oh yeah, they have really funny situations in store for us. ) What structure is just behind the sternum in the superior mediastinum. (I answered thymus. The other choices were trachea, heart (obviously wrong) and arch of the aorta. ) Lessons I learned &/or things that I should have done but I chose not to or didn??????????????????t have time: 1. Webpath, webpath & more webpath images!!!! I downloaded the images but didn??????????????????t have time to view them. Maybe somebody should come out with an atlas for step 1. 2. Radiographic anatomy atlas or anything of that sort is a BIG must. I never bothered thinking I??????????????????m just gonna get a few qs on them but whoa! I got like a block worth of those. 3. Don??????????????????t believe people who tell you that micro and pharma is underrepresented and that FA-1 for these areas are enough. In fact, no single subject is underrepresented. Not even histology or embryology! Study these thoroughly. And FA is not enough!!!!! 4. Memorize DNA and RNA viruses and replication. I got several questions with same choices. I regret skipping this figure in Jawetz 6th ed p 170. 5. Learn synonyms of diseases/syndromes. The obvious names are out! The occult names are in. 6. Most clinical questions that have something to do with pharma begin with a case, but the question is neither the diagnosis nor the DOC but the adverse reaction, drug interaction, or adverse affects. 7. The questions with more than five choices are actually friendly, recall questions. Super high yield topics: 1. AIDS, and infections/complications in immunosuppressed (e. g. , s/p chemo) patients. 2. Study designs, statistical power, bias, probability. No need to compute but be prepared to think beyond what??????????????????s given. 3. Alzheimer??????????????????s, Pick??????????????????s and all those dementias including Huntington??????????????????s. 4. The classic sporotrichosis question, by the way, did come out, along with a lot of fungal and parasitic infections and their DOCs. 5. Enzyme kinetics. 6. Hemoglobin dissociation curves 7. Molecular biology & genetics in Kaplan esp transcription, translation, translocations, mutations, degeneracy, genetic diseases. 8. Down??????????????????s syndrome. This, plus AIDS are like the theme for most of my cases. 9. Pulmonary function tests. 10. Cardiac cycle, e. g. , where do you have S4? Curves for CHF and the like. 11. Autonomic drugs given to tissues in petri dishes. Yes there was a piece of a heart & a frog??????????????????s intestine amongst the others. But not so fast, two to three drugs were given and you need to know all of em! 12. The second messengers, not just for aminergic but also for rhodopsin. 13. Cyclosporine??????????????????s MOA. 14. Nerve deficits, and two q about severe combined degeneration. So it is true. The USMLE cd underestimates the real exam. My first block was really easy, very much like what is in the USMLE cd. But my subsequent blocks look more like they??????????????????re taken from the Kaplan 150-q cd. Some qs are even more difficult. I thought somewhere along the way, I??????????????????ll get easier qs since I know the exam is not adaptive. But then again, I wasn??????????????????t that lucky. Stems got longer and longer and choices got weirder. I can definitely say I didn??????????????????t do well in the exam. (I??????????????????m not even looking forward to receiving my score report anymore. ) Of course I felt bad about it that??????????????????s why it took me 2 days to finally talk and write about it. I??????????????????m doing this so you guys will have a better chance. Sorry if I sound scary though.
09-20-2008, 03:12 PM
hi rizzie, i think the answer to 130 is n k cell thanks
09-20-2008, 03:18 PM
pharma
101-Questions asking what is the mechanism of resistance of Cipro 102-What is the mechanism of sulfonureas causing hyperglycemia? Straight forward 103-Pt was brought in to the ER in COMA, history of diabetes, how do you RX? 104-Parents notice there is some kind of brownish substance in the baby diaper (something like that, Can™t recall exactly) and asking for Rx MOA 105-Graph of chemical synapse. Included receptors alpha and beta 106-Dopamine, Acelyacholine, Norepi and Epinephrine. What drug would activate beta I receptor? - 107-Case of pt having psychotic symptoms, weight loss, agitation, dilated pupils, what drug abused? Amphetamine 108-What neurotransmitter does cocaine effect? 109- What does haloperidol act on? A ..dopamine receptors 110-Case of pt taking anti-depressive eats cheese and wine having headacheA.. MOA inhibitors + tyramineA.. hypertensive 111-What can give most lasting treatment for ulcerA.. antimicrobials. 112- Case of girl getting sick after drinking alcohol, what drug is she ?(on?A.. metronidozole, disalfuram like effect. ?* Griseofulvin.A.. interferes with microtubual function, distrupts mitosis. ?Mechanism of action of Acyclovir , ?* DOC for CMV A ..ganciclovir, F oscarnet is gancyclovir fails. ?* Case of pt taking nasal decongestant, what receptor is activated? A .. alpha 1. ?* Side effects ofLithiumA.. hypothyroidism and nephrogenic Dl. , ?* ACE inhibitors will INCREASE renin due to reflex inhibition. ?* Man with high lipids and hypertension having muscle pains and ?myalgias, which drugs are causing symptoms? A.. lovastatin and loop diuretic. * Acetazlamide will causeA.. metabolic acidosis. ?* Pt on warfarin has infarct, what other drug is he taking? A .. ehenobarbitol, induces P450 systep. ?* Case of gout what drugs to useA.. colchicine not answer, probenecid was ?~ choice. -, ?* Mech. Of action of AllopurinolA.. inhibits xanthine oxidase. * Side effect ofPTUA.. agranulocytosis. ?* One half life problem. J * Pt has anemia after taking anti malarial drug, what dei Does pt have?A.. G6PD dei 113- Pt taking pills develops acute hepatic reaction based on enzyme levels, AST>AL T, what did she take? A.. acetaminophen 114-Case of hypertensive having orthostatic hypotension, what drug? A .. Prazosin.A.. alpha I antogonist. ?* Where does anti-cancer effect of Vincristine and Vinblastine work? DNA or RNA ? ?* Case of hypertensive develops Lupus-Like symptoms, what drug is she taking?A.. Hydralazine. Other drugs include: procainamided£:. * 115- cimetidine effect on p450 and drug metabolism 116-benzodiazepines- 3-4 ques on mechanism of action/metabolism/changes in dosage for elderly 35. PCO- history given- had to 117-at least 5 kinetics questions clavulanic acid tetracycline as used for acne gentamicin assoc. with nephrotoxicity trimethoprim for PCP flouroquinolones contraindicated in kids anti TB drugs fluconazole--inhibits steroid hormone synthesis HIV therapy mebendazole ANS was big! bethanechol, cocaine, antimuscarinics, clonidine, B blockers, succinylcholine, phenylyephrine (rebound nasal congestion), epi, norepi, prazosin, glaucoma drugs...just know ANS real well several antipsychotic drugs opioid analgesics carbamazepine--causes aplastic anemia nitrous oxide as anesthetic ACE inhibitors acid/base balance with diuretic use hydrochorothiazide causes hyperglycemia K+ sparing diuretics--spirinolactone can cause gynecomastia quinidine several questions on lipid-lowering agents anti-cancer drugs were big too: 5 fluorouracil, doxorubicin, prednisone, raloxifene (make sure you know all their side effects) Magnesium antacid abuse heparin/warfarin many NSAID questions glucocorticoids propylthiouracil 118- 1. MOA of rifampin (darn question showed up 2 times) >2. MOA of erythromycin >3. MOA of cephlosporins >4. What do u give first to unconcious alcholic who comes in to ER? >IV thiame first 119-Side effects of combo drugs of person being treated with >Hodgkins 120-25. If person has megaloblastic anemia with folate and neuro >problems and after Rx u only have neuro problems what did u give >patient? 121- MOA of erythromycin? 122- ACE inhibitors cause renal damage. 123--SE of person taking aminoglycosides 124-. Person with H.Pylori given medication that covers ulcer, what >is MOA of that drug? 125-SE of person taking H2 blockers 126- Give heparin to person but no change in PT or PTT what is >deficient? 127-Best treatment of person who is Black suffering from CHF 128-. know the cyto p450 inducers and inhibitors - 6 q's 129-. moa of omeprazole >52. moa of vancomycin >53. moa of neostigmine 130-Very long intimidating question about drug given to young versus old. Young person™s VD and CL are twice that of the old™s. T1/2 for young person is 24 hours. What™s the T1/2 for the old person? (Without computing, I just answered 24 hours; should it have been higher or lower? I mean, the VD and CL are half of the young person™s and the formula is 0.7 Vd/Cl anyway?)?6.Glyceraldehyde 6 P ßà DHAP, reaction in favor of DHAP. What™s the G of this reaction? (I didn™t cover this in my review so I forgot about choices.) 131-Cyclosporine™s MOA 132-Mechanism of Tetracycline Nephrotoxicity associated with Aminoglycosides and also ototoxicity. Isoniazid and B6 which can prevent neurotoxicity HIV triple therapy (two nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors with a protease inhibitor. Mechanism of Dantrolene Isoprotrenol effect and reflex tachycardia associated with it Mechanisms of action of sympathetic receptors, Dopamine receptors (eg. cAMP, IP3, etc.) Antipsychotics and Tardive dyskinesia Lithium and it™s effect on thyroid (may cause hypothyroidism) Sumatriptan and it™s mechanism of action ACE inhibitors and it™s effect on blood pressure and it™s mechanism of action Cardiac glycosides and it™s effect on intracellular and extracellular Na and K Busulfan associated with pulmonary fibrosis Cisplastin associated with Nephrotoxicity Lead poisoning and it™s features (eg. lead lines) and treatment H2 Blockers and their mode of action and their effects on gastrin and stomach acid Arachidonic acid products and their effects on vascular tone and platelet action Leuprolide and it™s indications (also mechanism of action). ??133--maintanence dose ?-first order elim. ?-effect of antagonist in general ?-tetracycline mechanism (MORE than knowing 30S) ?-aminoglycosides=ototoxicity ?-INH mechanism ?-cocaine additction mech. ?-PAM ?-Dantrolene mech. (Ca2+ from SR) (yes, got it right Kelly) ?-Beta blockers ?-Alcohol and Benzodiazipenes ?-Sumatriptan mech ?-Diuretics X5-6 ?-Quinidein efx X3 ?-Bleomycin side efx (cancer bear will be your friend) ?-warfarin mech ?-misoprostol (w/NSAIDs) ?-H2 blockers ?-Arachidonic acid pathway X3 ?-diabetic drugs (increasing insulin receptor sens) ?-prednisone
09-20-2008, 03:37 PM
1)Pituitary tumor on visual fields. PITUTARY TUMOUR IS CRANIOPHRANGIOMA CAUSES BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPSIA.
2)Tumor anterior to temporal fossa affects wot? 3)Tends to fall to one side tongue deviates to other, site of lesion? .THIS is problem in 12 cranial nerve . which is locted in lower medulla. 4)Pediatric infratentorial tumor. .most of the paediatric tumours are infra tentorial.they are celleblar, astrocytoma.2.medulloblastoma.3.gliomas 5)Midline neck mass at level of hyoid. .BRANCHIAL CYST 6)Esophagal hiatus of diaphragm. .IT OPENS AT THE LEVEL OF T10, IVC hiatus at T8 descending aorta opening at T12 7)Splenic venous drainage. .VENOUS SINUSOIDS IN CORDS OF BILROTH 8)Ambiguous genitalia. .AMBIGOUS GENITIAL is in female with excess of testosterone or in male with lack of testorone. 9)Melanosis coli. .MELONOSIS COLI I is due over use of laxatives.colon appers black in colour. Melanosis coli is due to use of laxatives not antibiotics. Usually anthraquinone ( senna and cascara) 10)Inhalational antigen stimulation leading to antibody recovery from vaginal mucosa of experimental animal. How? It is called "Dissemination of Immunologic Memory" , and it is the same mechanism used in Adenovirus Vaccine. The adenovirus vaccine used by the military against adenovirus types 4 and 7 is an enteric-coated , live , non-attenuated virus preparation. This vaccine produces an asymptomatic intestinal infection and thereby induces mucosal IgA memory cells. These cells then populate the mucosal immune system throughout the body. ( Because Memory cells tend to home in a tissue-specific fashion , presumably returning to the type of tissue in which they first encountered antigen.) Vaccine recipients are thus protected against adenovirus acquired by aerosol , which could otherwise produce pneumonia. 11)x-ray foot with calcification parallel to first metatarsal with decreased dorsalis pedis. .myositis ossificens 12)Ligament that holds tibia from goin back: ant and posterior cruciate ligments--- that holds tibia from going back is Posterior crusiate ligament ----- ligament that prevents tibia from coming forward is Anterior cruciate ligament 13)Obturator nerve section: effects? obtutaror nerve injury leads to loss of adduction of thigh 14)Pelvic ascites, site of drainage on standing position. the site of drainage is vescicouteric pouch in females and rectovescical poch in males. 15)Aortic aneurysm rupture: effect on urinalysis in the background of anuria. aortic aneurysm leads to renal infarction.so there will rbc in urine. 16)Hand decreased sensation lateral aspect. median nerve injury 17)Hand sensation ok, but extention of metacarpophalangeal joints difficult. exention and flexion are done by lumbricals and interossis muscles. the extension at MP joint by--->extensors of the fingers flexion at MP joint by--->lumbricals and introssei. so if extension is difficult means extensors are weak...which are supplied by radial nerve...
09-20-2008, 03:50 PM
Rizowana,there's no doubt that u'll be out with flying colors for being being so selfless and having blessings from all of us in the forum.
U've set a good example for all of us. |
| « Next Oldest | Next Newest » |
