good for those whos exam is near - rizowana

[ArchivalUser]

pregnance woman with........ dont use.......................put her on............



HTN...................................ACE INH........................methydopa and hydralazine

manic...............................lithium.............................gabapentin and clonazepam

major dep .......................any drug...........................ETC

hyperthyroidism.................methimazole...................propylthiouracil

seizure...........................valproate,phenytoin................phenobarbital

DVT................................warfarin.............................heparin

DM..................................oral drug............................insulin

[ArchivalUser]

hemo shock -- hypotension -- reflex sym activity -- aplha1 second msngr DAG,IP3 and beta 1 second msngr camp...????

and cgmp is increased by NO

[ArchivalUser]

21) muscles of mastication -> person complains of food being stuck between teeth, has to use his hands to move it, what muscle is damaged?
22) history of alcohol abuse, patient is hypoglycemic, 50% dextrose is given but still vomiting, next step?
23) what makes unconjugated bilirubin water soluble?
24) drug of choice for hemorrhoids?
25) diabetic patient taking good care of his diabetes & exercises daily, you say: a) preserve vit E, b) fish oil, c) check your feet everyday
26) you see gallstone in ultrasound of obese patient - next step in management is a) uricodyxycolic acid, b) open stomach to remove stone, c) endoscopic removal
27) what thyroid disorder does not take up radiactive iodine??
28) thymus anatomical location - between manubrium & ....hyoid bone?
29) patient has uterine fibroids, 2 days later she has urinary symptoms, whats the prob??
30) what is sicca syndrome?
31) HLA matched bone marrow transfused, 4 months later: rash/hepetosplenomeg/jaundice --> is this acute rejection -or- graft vs host disease??
32) dry mouth, papillary constriction, seen w/ which toxin: tetanus,, botulinum, diptheria?
33) patient with UTI that didnt stain anything --> c. trachomatis?!? not sure.
34) why do fungus grow near hair and outer layers of skin?
35) how many glucose needed to produce 1 fatty acid?
36) hypertensive woman on weight-losing drug---> methamphetamine or sibutramine

[ArchivalUser]

Thank you from the bottom of my heart, rizowana. God bless. All the best for your exam, you will get good result.

[ArchivalUser]

thank you so much rizowana...

[ArchivalUser]

Hai buddy splendid.....
take care good luck...

[ArchivalUser]

i have a very bad habbit of sneaking in past, present and future. i have collected some answer with discussions for above HY Q. CHECK THIS OUT


30) Sjögren syndrome( Sicca syndrome) : is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by xerostomia (dry mouth), xerophthalmia (dry eyes), and lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands. This triad is also known as the sicca complex.

Sjögren syndrome displays a wide spectrum of severity and can go undiagnosed for several months to years.

21) muscles of mastication -> person complains of food being stuck between teeth, has to use his hands to move it, what muscle is damaged?

The muscle Temporalis is accessible on the temples, and can be seen and felt contracting while the jaw is clenching and unclenching.

8) factor 2 deficiency causes problem in liver, heart, lung, or breast?
(Can also be known as prothrombin deficiency): the correct answer is the lung.

Prothrombin is a precursor to thrombin, which converts fibrinogen into fibrin which in turn strengthens a protective clot. Factor II deficiency usually takes the form of an abnormality in the structure of prothrombin rather than a lack of the protein itself. People with a more severe factor II deficiency have severe bruising, bleeding from the nose and mouth, menorrhagia, as well as muscle bleeds, head bleeds and bleeding after trauma.
Joint bleeding isHistory
Patients with a factor II deficiency may report a family history of bleeding disorders. They may also report a history of the following symptoms:

Umbilical cord stump bleeding at birth
Prolonged bleeding following circumcision
Postpartum hemorrhage
Easy bruising
Bleeding gums
Epistaxis
Menorrhagia
Prolonged postsurgical bleeding
Melena
Hematuria
Hemarthroses
Soft tissue hemorrhages
Intracranial bleeding rare.

33) patient with UTI that didnt stain anything --> c. trachomatis?!? yes is Chlamydia Trachomatis.


Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy in humans. It typically occurs in areas of chronic sun exposure. BCC is usually slow growing and rarely metastasizes, but it can cause clinically significant local destruction and disfigurement if neglected or inadequately treated. Prognosis is excellent with proper therapy.

Treatment: The goal of surgical treatment of BCC is to destroy or remove the tumor so that no malignant tissue is allowed to proliferate further. The most common surgical methods are curettage, excision with margin examination, Mohs micrographic surgery, and radiotherapy. Additionally, cryotherapy is sometimes used to treat these tumors




36) hypertensive woman on weight-losing drug---> methamphetamine or sibutramine?
the correct answer is Sibutramine. MOA of this drug is: sympathomimetic and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Clinical use: short-term Obesity management. Toxicity: Hypertension and tachycardia.

Remember about Amphetamines (am-FET-a-meens) belong to the group of medicines called central nervous system (CNS) stimulants. They are used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Amphetamines increase attention and decrease restlessness in patients who are overactive, unable to concentrate for very long or are easily distracted, and have unstable emotions. These medicines are used as part of a total treatment program that also includes social, educational, and psychological treatment.

Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine are also used in the treatment of narcolepsy (uncontrollable desire for sleep or sudden attacks of deep sleep).

Amphetamines should not be used for weight loss or weight control or to combat unusual tiredness or weakness or replace rest. When used for these purposes, they may be dangerous to your health.

Amphetamines may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.


19) man with medial malleolus fracture asking which tendon would be lesioned?
deep deltoid ligament may be torn, leaving malleolus intact.

Discussion:
- medial malleolar frx result from direct impact of talus or from tension as talus rotates or moves laterally following fibula;
- in children medial malleolus frx may represent supination inversion frx;
- injury patterns:
- deep deltoid ligament may be torn, leaving malleolus intact;
- anterior colliculus may be avulsed by superficial deltoid, leaving deep deltoid ligament either intact or ruptured;
- frx above level of the ligamentous attachment leaves deltoid ligament attached to the distal malleolar fragment;
- associatted injuries: (w/ "isolated" medial malleolar fractures)
- maisonneuve fracture;
- talus neck fracture;
- cuboid fracture;
- deltoid ligament injuries arising from ankle frx:


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Radiographic Studies
- usually distal frag of medial malleolus is displaced anteriorly & distally;
- eval for osteochondral;
- r/o frx of talar neck.

13) case of opiod overdose, were asking for antidote , no option of naloxone or naltrexone, so would you opt for buprenorphine? that was in the answer choices?

Narcotic Antagonist Activity
Buprenorphine demonstrates narcotic antagonist activity and has been shown to be equipotent with naloxone as an antagonist of morphine in the mouse tail flick test.

Mechanism of Analgesic Action
Buprenorphine HCl exerts its analgesic effect via high affinity binding to m subclass opiate receptors in the central nervous system. Although Buprenorphine HCl may be classified as a partial agonist, under the conditions of recommended use it behaves very much like classical m agonists such as morphine. One unusual property of Buprenorphine HCl observed in in vitro studies is its very slow rate of dissociation from its receptor. This could account for its longer duration of action than morphine, the unpredictability of its reversal by opioid antagonists, and its low level of manifest physical dependence.


24) drug of choice for hemorrhoids? Psyllium seed (Metamucil) and methylcellulose (Citrucel) are the most commonly used supplements.

Treat hemorrhoids only when the patient complains of them. The old adage that it is hard to make an asymptomatic patient better applies here. No matter how bad the hemorrhoids look to the practitioner, they should not be treated unless they bother the patient.
Because most physicians believe that straining and a low-fiber diet cause hemorrhoidal disease, conservative treatment includes increasing fiber and liquid intake and retraining in toilet habit. Decreasing straining and constipation shrinks internal hemorrhoids and decreases their symptoms; therefore, first-line treatment of all first- and second-degree (and many third- and fourth-degree) internal hemorrhoids should include measures to decrease straining and constipation.

Psyllium seed significantly decreases bleeding and pain compared with placebo. The average American diet consists of 8-15 grams of fiber per day. A high-fiber diet includes more than 25 grams of fiber per day. Psyllium seed (Metamucil) and methylcellulose (Citrucel) are the most commonly used supplements. Many hemorrhoid symptoms resolve when only when they are treated with dietary alterations, including increased fiber and adding fiber supplements.

11) what artery affected in upper quadratinopia? is produced by stroke of the ACA( anterior comunicating artery).

[ArchivalUser]

continuation of above

19) man with medial malleolus fracture asking which tendon would be lesioned
Tibialis posterior

21) muscles of mastication -> person complains of food being stuck between teeth, has to use his hands to move it, what muscle is damaged? Tricky- the weak muscle is the buccinator innervated by CN VII

6) dopamine affects what neurotransmitter? epi? ne?
Norepinephrine is synthesized from dopamine by dopamine β-hydroxylase

21) Lateral pterygoid (CN-V3) part of the muscles of mastication- opens/lowers the jaw! The rest closes the jaw.

32)BOTULINUM

[ArchivalUser]

now time to do some pharma

HY Q

2-WHICH ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUG REACTS WITH DNA DIRECTLY A)MTX B)CYCLOSPORINE

3-5-FU D)VINCA ALKALOIDS

4-. USE OF GABAPENTIN

5-an anti tb drug hepatotoxic,hyperurecemia acting against only intracellular bact..pyrazinamide

6- Lots of MOA, few side efeects

7-HIV pt on drug present w/anemia, what cause it?
8-How Hydroxyurea is used to make HbFto help in sickle cell disease

9-Rat poisoing what to give ptonly vit K wasn™t an optionbut there was fresh frozen plasma,

10-What to give in CMV infection if resistant to ganciclovir.foscarnet, One question on HIV medsHAART regiminforgot what it was.

11- Legionella what drug to use, Staph Aureus what drug to use, N Gonnorhea what drug to use,

12- Drug for helminth, S/E of malaria drug

13-.Question on CVS, ANS drugswith graphsI made my best guessnot sure if I did right or wrong, Renal drugs, M/O of phenytoin and carbimazapine, Haloperdol, M/O buripion ( FA says still unknownI had to guess), S/E of TCA, Some CTY P450 related questions, 2-3 picture asking where the drug works

14-Aspirinblockinglowers what, TXA2

[ArchivalUser]

21) muscles of mastication -> person complains of food being stuck between teeth, has to use his hands to move it, what muscle is damaged?

Rizo, which muscle is damaged in the above is it temporalis or buccinator? iam bit confused
help me pls....