April exam taker ----- Lets make a group - harrisonusmle

[ArchivalUser]

It may be a good idea if those taking the exam in April would like to start our own group.
We can help & encourage each other.
Looking forward to your participation.
With thanks.

[ArchivalUser]

I am also planning to take exam in april.How far did you complete your reading?I am doing my first reading(kaplan lecture notes).

[ArchivalUser]

Done with 1st reading, doing goljan lectures, will start UW form jan

[ArchivalUser]

Complete my first reading
now doing biochemistry Kaplan lecture.
Thanks for joining

[ArchivalUser]

count me in.planning for april-may.done with second reading of kaplan ang golijan,will take uworld from jan.

[ArchivalUser]

Cold or warm water or air is irrigated into the external auditory canal, usually using a syringe. The temperature difference between the body and the injected water creates a convective current in the endolymph of the nearby horizontal semicircular canal. Hot and cold water produce currents in opposite directions and therefore a horizontal nystagmus in opposite directions. In patients with an intact brainstem:

If the water is warm (44°C or above) endolymph in the ipsilateral horizontal canal rises, causing an increased rate of firing in the vestibular afferent nerve. This situation mimics a head turn to the ipsilateral side. Both eyes will turn toward the contralateral ear, with horizontal nystagmus to the ipsilateral ear.
If the water is cold, relative to body temperature (30°C or below), the endolymph falls within the semicircular canal, decreasing the rate of vestibular afferent firing. The eyes then turn toward the ipsilateral ear, with horizontal nystagmus (quick horizontal eye movements) to the contralateral ear.
Absent reactive eye movement suggests vestibular weakness of the horizontal semicircular canal of the side being stimulated.
In comatose patients with cerebral damage, the fast phase of nystagmus will be absent as this is controlled by the cerebrum. As a result, using cold water irrigation will result in deviation of the eyes toward the ear being irrigated. If both phases are absent, this suggests the patient's brainstem reflexes are also damaged and carries a very poor prognosis.

Mnemonic:

COWS.

COWS: Cold Opposite, Warm Same. Cold water = FAST phase of nystagmus to the side Opposite from the cold water filled ear, Warm water = FAST phase of nystagmus to the Same side as the warm water filled ear. Contralateral when cold is applied and ipsilateral when warm is applied

[ArchivalUser]

A 40-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain localized to the right upper quadrant. A urine sample is taken for rapid dipstick reagent strip analysis. A positive result for which of the following substances would most strongly suggest gallstone disease as a possible cause of her abdominal pain?



Options:

A. Bilirubin

B. Glucose

C. Nitrite

D. Protein

E. Urobilinogen

[ArchivalUser]

c...

[ArchivalUser]

sorry its gb stone should be....A

[ArchivalUser]

hey can u pls post d answer?