NBME 7 block 2 q 1 to 50 - maryam2009

[ArchivalUser]

47. D
An esophageal motility study (EMS) or esophageal manometry is a test to assess motor function of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES), Esophageal body and Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES).
Indications: An EMS is typically done to evaluate suspected disorders of motility or peristalsis of the esophagus. These include achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. These disorders typically present with dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, usually to both solids and liquids even initially. Other patients with spasm disorders may have the test done to diagnose chest pain thought not to be of cardiac cause. The test is not useful for anatomical disorders of the esophagus (that is, disorders that distort the anatomy of the esophagus), such as peptic strictures and esophageal cancer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_motility_study

[ArchivalUser]

48. C
Chronic Granulomatosa Disease: Lack of NADPH oxidase - decrease reactive oxygen species( superoxide) and absent of respiratory burts in neutrophils. Increase susceptibility to catalase + organisms ( S. Aureus, E. Coli, Aspergillus). Negative Nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test. (FA page 212)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_gra...us_disease

[ArchivalUser]

49.BB

50.BB

Alpha-blockers help treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by relaxing smooth muscle tissue found in the prostate and the bladder neck. This allows urine to flow out of the bladder more easily.

[ArchivalUser]

*****************************************************************************************
Thank you to
god99
sash11
doc_study
*****************************************************************************************

[ArchivalUser]

49. B
The patient need physiological support. In burn care, the patient's attitude and motivation are two of the most powerful factors influencing recovery rehabilitation. Many burn experts weight these two elements as even more important than the specific physical injury.

[ArchivalUser]

Thanks you MARYAM, your effort is very appreciated too.

[ArchivalUser]

Thank you

[ArchivalUser]

thanks guys

[ArchivalUser]

Hey guys, just wondering if someone could send me the questions so I could better follow along?
bjgmed13

Thanks so much!

[ArchivalUser]

i there,
have doubts rgd q 28.

Mutations in BRCA1 gene do cause medullary breast carcinoma and the pt in the stem has a well differentiated ductal carcinoma. Ductal carcinomas are characterized by increased expression of her2.
So if we rely on family history -- it is BRCA1, but if we go by the cancer type it is -- HER2. Unless BRCA1 also causes ductal carcinoma.


here is what wiki says on medullary and ductal carcinomas:

Medullary breast carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer that often can be treated successfully. It is marked by lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) in and around the tumor that can be seen when viewed under a microscope.
This is the only breast cancer associated with a loss of function mutation in BRCA1, and thus the only form associated with a hereditary mutation. HER2/NEU over-expression is associated with sporadic breast cancer.
This is one of five important types of epithelial breast cancer: ductal, lobular, medullary, colloid, and tubular.

Ductal carcinoma
Regardless of the histological subtype, the prognosis of IDC depends also on tumor size, presence of cancer in the lymph nodes, histological grade, presence of cancer in small vessels (vascular invasion), expression of hormone receptors and of oncogenes like HER2/neu.

can somebody shed a light?